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Contract manufacturing refers to


A) offering the right to a trademark, patent, trade secret, or similarly valued items of intellectual property in return for a royalty or fee.
B) contracting with a foreign firm to manufacture products according to stated specifications.
C) contracting between a foreign country and a local firm to invest together to create a local business.
D) having a company handle its own exports directly, without intermediaries.
E) exporting through an intermediary, which has the knowledge and means to succeed in selling a firm's product abroad.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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CAFTA-DR is a comprehensive free trade agreement between Costa Rica,the Dominican Republic,El Salvador,Guatemala,Honduras,Nicaragua,and __________.


A) the United States
B) Panama
C) Belize
D) Cuba
E) Mexico

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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largest,but poorest socioeconomic group of people in the world,is often referred to as being at the


A) bottom of the pyramid.
B) pivot point of economic growth.
C) focal point of economic change.
D) bottom of the economic pool.
E) edge of global evolution.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Consumer groups living in many countries or regions of the world that have similar needs or seek similar features and benefits from products or services are referred to as


A) transnational consumers.
B) meganational consumers.
C) international consumers.
D) multinational consumers.
E) global consumers.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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established its company primarily with direct telephone-and Internet-based sales.In terms of Dell's global expansion strategy,which of the following statements is most accurate?


A) Dell will sell its computers in "traveling" stores, consisting of custom-made trailers with solar energy panels that will allow them to reach remote marketplaces.
B) Dell will partner with each country's largest department stores and sell its computers in the small appliance department.
C) Dell will issue its own credit card through multinational banks, making it possible for customers who would not normally qualify for credit to do so.
D) Dell will distribute its products through electronics retailers to reach more buyers quickly.
E) Dell will maintain the exact same strategies that brought it this far because it sees no reason to "mess with success."

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following statements about world trade flows is most accurate?


A) The United States is the world leader in terms of GDP (gross domestic product) .
B) The relative position of the United States as a supplier to the world has increased because of an absolute growth in exports.
C) The United States is running a continuing trade surplus because it has the world's largest gross domestic product.
D) The United States' relative role as an exporter has decreased in the area of aerospace during the past five years.
E) During the past 30 years, the relative position of the United States in terms of GDP has remained stable despite the fact that actual value of products and services has increased.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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trade feedback effect is one argument for


A) decreasing a nation's exports.
B) free trade agreements.
C) increased tariffs and quotas.
D) international trade associations.
E) decreasing a nation's imports.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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so many years ago,many U.S.consumers thought Americans who purchased Japanese-made radios,televisions,and other electronic equipment were behaving not only inappropriately,but also immorally.U.S.consumers who thought buying Japanese products was wrong were exhibiting


A) back translation.
B) consumer ethnocentrism.
C) the trade feedback effect.
D) consumer bias.
E) cultural ethnocentricity.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements about world trade flows is most accurate?


A) The United States is tied with China and Japan as the world's leaders in exports.
B) The U.S. percentage share of world exports has shifted upwards over the past 30 years.
C) The United States has maintained a steady percentage share of world imports.
D) The relative position of the United States as a supplier to the world has diminished despite an absolute growth in exports.
E) The United States' relative role as an exporter has decreased in areas of aerospace, chemical, pharmaceutical, and information technology industries within the past five years.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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  Figure 7-6 -Global companies have five strategies for matching products and their promotion efforts to global markets.According to Figure 7-6 above, A  refers to which type of strategy? A)  product extension strategy B)  communication adaptation strategy C)  product adaptation strategy D)  dual adaptation strategy E)  product invention strategy Figure 7-6 -Global companies have five strategies for matching products and their promotion efforts to global markets.According to Figure 7-6 above,"A" refers to which type of strategy?


A) product extension strategy
B) communication adaptation strategy
C) product adaptation strategy
D) dual adaptation strategy
E) product invention strategy

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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New York carwash owner wanted to open a carwash in Quebec,Canada.He hired a U.S.translator to create signage for the new venture and to design some simple advertising.It was not until the business was opened that he learned that he should have used __________.His French signs actually said "car bath" instead of "car wash."


A) Unispeak
B) back translation
C) semiotics
D) semantic symbolism
E) linguistic exchange

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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Global competition refers to when


A) a firm produces and markets its products worldwide rather than in its own domestic market.
B) firms originate, produce, and market their products and services worldwide.
C) two firms from two different countries compete for market share in a domestic market.
D) two or more firms from different nations combine their resources to market products globally.
E) the firm from one nation dominates the market for that product in every other nation.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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situation where products are bought in a lower-priced country from a manufacturer's authorized reseller,shipped to higher-priced countries,and then sold through unauthorized retailers below the manufacturer's suggested retail price is referred to as __________.


A) the black market
B) a gray market
C) dumping
D) a globalized market
E) parallel exporting

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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S.citizens pay $5 billion more annually for shoes and Japanese citizens pay $6 billion more for rice than the actual cost of the products because


A) both countries have suffered major financial crises due a severe trade imbalance.
B) both countries have imposed tariffs on imported goods to protect their domestic markets.
C) both countries have imposed limits on the quantity of these goods that can leave their respective domestic markets.
D) both products are considered essentials and as a result are more heavily taxed.
E) these products were purchased at a lower price from nations that currently are under governmental sanctions.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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practice where a translated word or phrase is retranslated into the original language by a different interpreter to catch errors is referred to as


A) locution.
B) heuristics.
C) transliteration.
D) back translation.
E) cross-cultural paraphrasing.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Competitive advantage for global firms grows out of __________,innovation,and change.


A) product quality
B) continuous improvement
C) employment of a multicultural or multinational staff
D) membership in a formalized trade organization
E) market research

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Recipco and Tradaq are both companies that connect international companies who want to barter the products they make for the products they need without using cash or credit.Recipco and Tradaq assist international companies in making


A) countertrades.
B) quota exchanges.
C) trading exchanges.
D) balances of trade.
E) WTO trade arrangements.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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  Parthenon Photo -Semiotics refers to A)  a field of study in marketing linguistics that identifies the connotative meanings behind words in order to create the most effective product or brand names. B)  a field of study in marketing linguistics that identifies the connotative meanings behind words in order to create the most effective advertising messages. C)  a field of study that examines the correspondence between symbols and their role in the assignment of meaning for people. D)  a field of linguistics that translates words into internationally recognized symbols to help companies carry their product message across international boundaries. E)  the combination of a symbol from one language and the verbal message from another in order for companies to standardize their brand across international boundaries. Parthenon Photo -Semiotics refers to


A) a field of study in marketing linguistics that identifies the connotative meanings behind words in order to create the most effective product or brand names.
B) a field of study in marketing linguistics that identifies the connotative meanings behind words in order to create the most effective advertising messages.
C) a field of study that examines the correspondence between symbols and their role in the assignment of meaning for people.
D) a field of linguistics that translates words into internationally recognized symbols to help companies carry their product message across international boundaries.
E) the combination of a symbol from one language and the verbal message from another in order for companies to standardize their brand across international boundaries.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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