Question 1

The secretions of the sweat and sebaceous glands provide ________ to the microbiota.

Accepted Answer

A)   water
B)   amino acids OR water
C)   lipids AND amino acids
D)   water, amino acids, AND lipids
E)   sebum OR amino acidsF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 2

Why is Rickettsia rickettsii difficult to grow in culture?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a double-stranded DNA virus.
B)   It is an obligate intracellular parasite.
C)   It is resistant to multiple antibiotics.
D)   It is an obligate anaerobe.
E)   It is Gram-negative.F) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 3

If an individual in the infectious stage of chickenpox comes into contact with a person who had chickenpox as a child, that second person

Accepted Answer

A)   will be unaffected by the contact.
B)   will develop a second case of chickenpox.
C)   will develop shingles.
D)   will develop a second case of chickenpox OR will develop shingles.
E)   will remain healthy if they receive zoster immune globulin.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

The most serious consequence of rubella is

Accepted Answer

A)   encephalitis.
B)   birth defects.
C)   meningitis.
D)   deafness.
E)   subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

The portal(s)  of entry for varicella-zoster virus is/are

Accepted Answer

A)   the skin.
B)   the respiratory tract.
C)   the genitourinary tract.
D)   the genitourinary tract AND the gastrointestinal tract.
E)   the skin AND the respiratory tract.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

How does coagulase help Staphylococcus aureus evade phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)   It coats the surface of the bacterial cells with collagen, a tissue binding protein.
B)   It coats the surface of bacterial cells with fibrin, a protein found in blood.
C)   It causes formation of small clots in capillaries, slowing progress of phagocytes to the infected area.
D)   It causes formation of small clots in capillaries, slowing progress of phagocytes to the infected area AND it coats the surface of bacterial cells with fibrin, a protein found in blood.
E)   It causes formation of small clots in capillaries, slowing progress of phagocytes to the infected area AND it coats the surface of the bacterial cells with collagen, a tissue binding protein.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Confirmation of the rubeola diagnosis can by made by

Accepted Answer

A)   measuring the intensity of the rash.
B)   presence of rubella antibodies in the blood.
C)   detecting Koplik spots on the oral mucosa.
D)   detecting rubeola viruses using a Gram stain.
E)   treating the patient with antibiotics.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 8

Rubeola can be effectively prevented with the MMR vaccine. The child in this case has not received any vaccines, because he has been receiving chemotherapy. Why wasn't he given the MMR vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is an attenuated vaccine and there is a small risk that the virus used in it may revert to virulence, causing serious illness in the immunocompromised patient.
B)   It is an inactivated vaccine and there is a small risk that the virus used in it may revert to virulence, causing serious illness in the immunocompromised patient.
C)   The MMR vaccine is known to cause complications such as autism, and this child already has enough problems with leukemia.
D)   It is a toxoid vaccine-these vaccines contain deactivated microbial toxins; since the child is severely immunocompromised, the toxin used in the vaccine will damage all of his cells.
E)   The patient is a child, so will not be able to tolerate any egg proteins that may be present in the MMR vaccine, which is produced in eggs.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

The childhood disease that damages the body defenses and is frequently complicated by secondary infections involving mostly Gram-positive cocci is

Accepted Answer

A)   German measles.
B)   measles.
C)   mumps.
D)   chickenpox.
E)   shingles.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following may aid Staphylococcus in resisting phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Leukocidin
B)   Hemolysin
C)   Granulation enzyme
D)   Coagulase
E)   LipaseF) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 11

Diaper rash (dermititis)  can be caused by a number of factors. A common microbial cause is the fungus ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Malassezia furfur
B)   Candida albicans
C)   Microsporum gypseum
D)   Cutibacterium acnes
E)   Streptococcus pyogenesF) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following may be added to normal media to make it more selective for staphylococci?

Accepted Answer

A)   7.5% salt
B)   0.5% HCl
C)   1.0% glucose
D)   5.0% mannose
E)   1.0% glucose AND 0.5% HClF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Why is Legionella pneumophila detected using immunofluorescence?

Accepted Answer

A)   It stains poorly with conventional dyes.
B)   It is Gram-non-reactive.
C)   It is an acid-fast bacterium.
D)   It lacks a peptidoglycan cell wall.
E)   It is a virus.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

The principal species of Staphylococcus found on the skin is

Accepted Answer

A)   aureus.
B)   acnes.
C)   epidermidis.
D)   pyogenes.
E)   saprophyticus.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 15

Why is it important to give the MMRV vaccine to healthy, non-immune contacts of people with immunodeficiencies?

Accepted Answer

A)   The MMRV vaccine is a toxoid vaccine, so immunodeficient people cannot receive it. They are protected by herd immunity.
B)   The MMRV vaccine is an attenuated vaccine, so immunodeficient people cannot receive it. They are protected by antibodies from their close contacts.
C)   The MMRV vaccine is an attenuated vaccine, so immunodeficient people cannot receive it. They are protected by herd immunity.
D)   The MMRV vaccine is an inactivated vaccine, so immunodeficient people cannot receive it. They are protected by antibodies from their close contacts.
E)   The MMRV vaccine is an inactivated vaccine, so immunodeficient people cannot receive it. They are protected by herd trending.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Which of the following normal skin microbiota is a small yeast?

Accepted Answer

A)   Staphylococci
B)   Malassezia species
C)   Diphtheroids
D)   Candida species
E)   Cutibacterium speciesF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Rickettsia rickettsii is an obligate intracellular pathogen. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)   it is a virus.
B)   it needs oxygen for growth.
C)   it cannot grow in the presence of oxygen.
D)   it is non-motile.
E)   it can only grow within host cells.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 18

In the laboratory, rubella virus, VZV, rubeola virus and Rickettsia rickettsii must be cultivated in host cells. Candida albicans does not need to be cultured in cells-why?

Accepted Answer

A)   Candida albicans is not an obligate intracellular parasite.
B)   This fungus is an aquatic organism that requires fresh water for culture.
C)   Candida species are yeasts and require a medium such as bread for culture.
D)   Candida albicans is an obligate intracellular parasite.
E)   Yeasts are autotrophs and are thus able to grow independent of other organisms.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

Many childhood diseases caused by viral infections of the upper respiratory tract can usually be diagnosed by

Accepted Answer

A)   inspection of the rash.
B)   the type of cough.
C)   the type of fever.
D)   the incubation period.
E)   the gender of the patient.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Which statement regarding Staphyloccocus aureus is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   MRSA strains that can be traced to hospitals and clinics are referred to as HA-MRSA (hospital-acquired MRS
A)  .
B)   CA-MRSA strains have a group of genes that codes for a leukocyte-destroying leukocidin.
C)   Evidence proves that CA-MRSA strains are more virulent than HA-MRSA because they produce leukocidin.
D)   MRSA strains are resistant to nearly all β-lactam antibiotics except ceftaroline, a new cephalosporin.
E)   Some hospitals screen patients for MRSA when they are discharged so they do not take a MRSA strain home with them.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Exam 22: Skin Infections

Many childhood diseases caused by viral infections of the upper respiratory tract can usually be diagnosed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The childhood disease that damages the body defenses and is frequently complicated by secondary infections involving mostly Gram-positive cocci is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principal species of Staphylococcus found on the skin is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is it important to give the MMRV vaccine to healthy, non-immune contacts of people with immunodeficiencies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rubeola can be effectively prevented with the MMR vaccine. The child in this case has not received any vaccines, because he has been receiving chemotherapy. Why wasn't he given the MMR vaccine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does coagulase help Staphylococcus aureus evade phagocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement regarding Staphyloccocus aureus is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most serious consequence of rubella is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The secretions of the sweat and sebaceous glands provide ________ to the microbiota.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Confirmation of the rubeola diagnosis can by made by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following may be added to normal media to make it more selective for staphylococci?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rickettsia rickettsii is an obligate intracellular pathogen. This means that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following normal skin microbiota is a small yeast?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diaper rash (dermititis) can be caused by a number of factors. A common microbial cause is the fungus ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an individual in the infectious stage of chickenpox comes into contact with a person who had chickenpox as a child, that second person

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following may aid Staphylococcus in resisting phagocytosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the laboratory, rubella virus, VZV, rubeola virus and Rickettsia rickettsii must be cultivated in host cells. Candida albicans does not need to be cultured in cells-why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is Rickettsia rickettsii difficult to grow in culture?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is Legionella pneumophila detected using immunofluorescence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The portal(s) of entry for varicella-zoster virus is/are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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